![]() ![]() Furthermore, of the studies that have examined the unintentional learning of rhythm, only a few have demonstrated learning (e.g., Brandon et al., 2012 Karabanov & Ullén, 2008 Salidis, 2001 Ullén & Bengtsson, 2003). However, how humans unintentionally learn nonverbal rhythms has received little consideration. Temporal expectancies can be acquired with an intention to learn (Chapin et al., 2010) or unintentionally (e.g., Brandon, Terry, Stevens, & Tillmann, 2012 Karabanov & Ullén, 2008 Salidis, 2001 Ullén & Bengtsson, 2003). Temporal expectancies are useful in a range of human activities and interactions such as music, dance, and language. Exposure to rhythms allows humans to develop temporal expectancies-that is, knowledge of when something should occur. ![]() Rhythm surrounds us constantly, whether it is the hum of an oscillating fan or the drum and bass from an mp3-player. The present study shows IL of auditory temporal patterns in the absence of an ordinal pattern. However, abstraction of a metrical framework was still evident in the metrical condition. Results demonstrated learning of metrical and nonmetrical patterns but metrical patterns were not learned more readily than nonmetrical patterns. Based on the metric binding hypothesis, it was hypothesized that metrical patterns are learned faster than nonmetrical patterns. The metric binding hypothesis states that metrical frameworks guide attention to periodic points in time. Experiment 2 investigated whether properties of rhythm (i.e., meter) benefit IL using the stimulus-detection task. Results demonstrated IL of metrical patterns in the stimulus-detection but not the multiple-alternative task. Based on probabilistic uncertainty, it was hypothesized that stimulus-detection tasks are more sensitive to temporal learning than multiple-alternative forced-choice tasks because of response uncertainty in the latter. Experiment 1 examined whether uncertainty of the upcoming stimulus identity obscures learning. ![]() Two experiments examined the IL of temporal patterns and the conditions under which IL is exhibited. IL of temporal patterns has received minimal attention, and results are mixed regarding whether IL of temporal patterns occurs in the absence of a concurrent ordinal pattern. Implicit learning (IL) occurs unintentionally. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS ![]()
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